Birth Control A Controversial Topic Since The 1960 S

Birth control has been a controversial topic since the 1960’s, when the pill arose on the scene and gained popularity. Men and women of certain religious faiths have sought to prevent other women from using birth control. However, most women want to be able to choose when the time is right for them to have a child. This is why birth control is essential, because it allows women and couples in general the freedom to choose and plan their families. In many cases the need to control women by controlling their access to birth control goes all the way to the federal government. The federal government determines what types of birth control are allowed on the market and who has access to them. Some Presidential administrations look more kindly†¦show more content†¦Women under the age of 34 were more likely to use condoms and reversible contraceptives at about 11 percent compared to older women who used them 6.6 and 5.3 percent of the time, respectively (Daniels, 2014, p. 3). As of recently, women have been talking about getting long term birth control or stocking up on Plan B. This is because they are worried the Trump will take away the articles in the Affordable Care Act that say that insurance companies must cover birth control, reproductive health and abortion funding. There are currently provisions in the ACA that allow women access to gynecological visits and birth control without having to pay a copay (Rinkunas, 2016). These provisions when originally passed because a number of businesses filed for exemptions so that they would not have to provide access to free contraception to women; specifically those who may have decided to use Plan B (the morning after pill). Some religious based businesses owners believe that preventing a fertilized egg from attaching to the wall of the uterus is the same as an abortion, and to them life begins at conception (Newton-Small, 2016). Many Catholic members of Obama’s Administration, including Vice President Joe Biden wanted to allow religious entities or groups the right to opt out of the program (Newton-Small, 2016). The women of the cabinet decided that they wouldShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1719 Words   |  7 Pagesone quote said by Ronald Reagan on the topic of abortion. He also said, â€Å"I ve noticed that everyone who is for abortion has already been born.† Many people, like Reagan once was, are against abortion and believe that it is morally and ethically wrong. Likewise, many people, including Alan Dershowitz, support it. Alan has said, â€Å"I can t find anything in the Constitution that says you prefer the life of the mother, or the convenience of the mother if it s an abortion by choice, over the potentialRead MoreWomens Health Movement : A Controversial Topic Since The 1970s1667 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s health has been a controversial topic since the 1970’s. Prior to the 1970’s and the emergent of womenâ⠂¬â„¢s health movement, the medical establishment regarded women only as not male; this has since changed. The beginning of this change started for women when they realized they had a right to know about their own bodies. According to Edwards â€Å"The grassroots women s health activism that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s was fostered by an equally diverse group of advocates, among themRead MoreThe Article Birth Control For Kids 886 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Birth Control for Kids?† was published in 2007 by Time Magazine, and despite being several years old it offers an excellent analysis of sex education in U.S. schools. A middle school in Portland, Maine decided to take a vote on whether it should offer birth control pills to students through the school’s health center. If passed, the vote would allow children as young as eleven-years-old access to contraceptives aside from the traditional condom. In addition, although parental consentRead MoreEssay on An Inside Look at Moral Panics1008 Words   |  5 PagesLevine, the controversial author of â€Å"Harmful to Minors† believed there was an argument against the public addressing the sexual habits of minors as corrupt. One of many moral panics, the moral issue of teenagers and children learning about sex caused controversy because the current lack of information provided to youth was as detrimental to their lives as their elders believed it was beneficial to keep sex from the younger minds. There are numerous moral panics that have occurred since mankind hasRead MoreCountercultures Of The 1960s982 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing a controversial and politically challenge era, but there were also many other activists that were important but lesser known. The sixties also represented the movement of countercultures, identity politics and liberation movements. These challenges and movements all summarized what is known as the era of the 60s. There were many groups that opposed authority in a peaceful way such as marches and gatherings, however, these groups certainly did not get along with authorities. The 1960’s was heavilyRead MoreA Woman s Right Of Abortion1325 Words   |  6 Pagesabortifacient is the toxin talked about in the paragraph above. In the 1930 s the number of abortions increased greatly because of the great depression. The death rate went up during this time since the unregulated abortions are very dangerous. Even if done right, they can still end up killing the mother. A study done in 1932 shows that illegal abortions are responsible for 14% of maternal deaths. In the 1950 s hospital started to form â€Å"therapeutic abortion boards.† These helped to decide whetherRead MoreHow 1960s Has Impacted And Influenced Today s Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesHow have the 1960s dramatically impacted and influenced today’s society? In today’s society, there are many controversial topics that we are facing today; we have the 1960s to thank for those things. The sixties was one of the most impactful decades pertaining to culture revolutions; it is the decade that brought into play some of the problems and privileges that the present is dealing with now. The sixties brought the gay movement, women’s rights, the drug revolution, and has also impacted musicRead MoreWomen s Rights And Health Care1713 Words   |  7 Pagesthings such as having the right to vote, and being able to work outside of home. Eventually, it started to create inequalities of the legal statuses of men and women. Around the mid-nineteenth century, the women’s right movement started bringing controversial issues such as suffrage, access to higher education, and reproductive rights more attention to the public eye. The Women’s Rights Movement started with the Seneca Falls Convention on July 19, 1848 and created a wave that would last several yearsRead MoreBilingualism : A Culturally And Culturally Diverse Country Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesNew Zealand has recently been identified as a culturally and linguistically super-diverse country (Spoonley Bedford, 2012). This means many children of our country will be introduced to two or more languages from birth and will develop proficiency in these languages following their significant exposure to both. This is referred to as simultaneous bilingualism (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004). There are many misconceptions about simultaneous bilingualism that are believed toRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of The United States (Otherwise Known1382 Words   |   6 PagesOf The United States (otherwise known as SCOTUS), is the highest federal court in the country. The court hears many important cases throughout the United States, one of them being Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 (1973). This case was monumental for women s rights and the issue of abortion. Still to this day, it has been one of the most famous abortion cases in U.S. history. It all started in 1971 when Norma McCorvey (otherwise known as Jane Roe), filed suit against District Attorney Wade of Dallas County

Wild Water Gets Soaked Essay example - 694 Words

1. I can surely state that New Jersey shore is a way much better place to relax, then it is in NY shores, simply because I did have a chance to see the both. NY shore is, obviously, more crowded, whereas NJ is less, and since the distance between the two is not so big, families would rather choose quite, not crowded location. NY and Jersey states are high dense areas, so the population is not an issue; conversely, growing trend is the issue to fight. An educated guess is that this precise fact initialized a development of condominiums. So, now, Salernos will have to come up with something to be able to sustain and to progress. In the next few years, Wild Water will be experiencing an intense constraction sight. This is when the owner of†¦show more content†¦As for Salernos, the latter issue is even more hectic, because they have to find the way to increase the profits, so the staff didn’t choose the opponent (it’s certain that a new comer will need some locals to work for him). This is when the loyalty will be double-checked. 3. The plan now is to be able to deal with the new owner. In my view, there is a room for doing the successful business for the both. Salernos will need to see the construction plan first. As was stated in the case, visitors are most likely to be interested in Golf. The two managements would have to decide, where to locate the Golf area, so it’s suitable and/or beneficial for both parties. For example: If Solernos are not able to build the court themselves, may be they could offer some service to the visitors. May be some sort of tea place after the game etc. In general, it would have been beneficial for the both if the two places are â€Å"one complementing another†. Reaching the goal needs total collaboration during the restructuring period. So issues like this need to be agreed. Also it was mentioned that the Salernos small office is lined with pictures of their employees and customers. So what they could do to encourage old visitors to come back is to give them discounts. This will not only imply to them, but also for the new coming customers. They might consider going through the old registration records to find theShow MoreRelatedWild Water Gets Soaked890 Words   |  4 PagesWild Water Gets Soaked I believe that the macroenvironmental elements that affect the Salernos are laws and regulations and the economy. The Salernos have to abide by laws and regulations as any business in the United States. They are affected by the economy because their business is only open several months out of the year. In this time frame they have to put in extra work in order to make sufficient income in the limited amount of months that they are open. Their limited income has stoppedRead MoreWild Water Gets Soaked Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesscreen (go here to download one) and describe the challenge Ms. Nooyi has ahead of her. As of October, 2007, she seems to be moving the company in the right direction - PepsiCo stock is up over 10% under her leadership. ( CONCLUDING CASE - WILD WATER GETS SOAKED Case Summary: This case reveals how important it is to organizations of all sizes to be prepared and ready to implement changes in business scope and even product mix in order to combat the effects ofRead MoreMiss Havisham and Magwitch from Great Expectations Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagespassion for the Kent marshes and docks. In a physical sense, the convict seems to mirror the marshes in many ways, â€Å"A fearful man, all in coarse grey†¦ A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The colours of Magwitch’s reflect the bleakness of the surroundings, and the way he has been â€Å"soaked in water† and â€Å"smothered in mud† emphasise how he appears to erupt violently from the marsh and be part of it. Both Magwitch and the marshes seem to terrify Pip, â€Å"I was dreadfully frightenedRead More Silk - The Queen of Fibers Essay example1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdone to his trees. When Xilingshi went out to examine the trees, she found white worms eating the leaves of the mulberry leaves and spinning shiny cocoons. She then accidentally dropped one of the cocoons into some hot water. And when she started playing with the cocoon in the water, long white strings disentangled themselves from the cocoon. It is said that this was how silk was discovered. Xilingshi then went to Emperor Huangdi to ask him to give her a grove of mulberry trees, in order for herRead MoreThe Conspiracies Associated With The Reason Why The Usa Joined The Vietnam War1538 Words   |  7 Pagesclots and the water gun and how the smell had soaked into my skin and how I couldn’t wash it away† (51). O’Brien’s loss of self-control when telling Elroy what he worked as shows O’Brien’s true self. By displaying himself as an innocent kid, O’Brien is able to bring up the random description of the blood clots and water gun. The blood clot symbolizes O’Brien’s contemplation of fleeing the Vietnam War, and the water gun symbolizes his obligation to serve society. The water gun is used to get rid of theRead MoreEndangered Tigers Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesEndangered Tigers Today wild tigers exist in Eastern Russia, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, North Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bhutan, India and Nepal. In order to live in the wild, tigers need water to drink, animals to hunt, and vegetation in which to hide. As the mountains, jungles, forests, and long grasses that have long been home to tigers disappear, so too, do tigers. Agricultural expansion, timber cutting, new roads, human settlement, industrial expansion and hydroelectric dams pushRead MoreDescription of Beer in History of the Worlds in Six Glasses by Tom Standage765 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Standage the discovery of beer was around 10,000 BCE, it was made from grain that grew in the region called Fertile that could be stored and made wet or soaked to turn into beer (p 15). Beer was shared with several people and goes on to become a social drink. Standage goes on to explain about another beverage made with wild grapes vines produced between 9000 and 4000 BCE in northern Iran (p 47). Wine became a symbol of social differentiation and a form of conspicuous consumption. In thisRead MoreMaking Yeast Doughs1805 Words   |  7 PagesThere are four basic ingredients used in making yeast doughs – flour, water, yeast and salt. Lean doughs contain these four, with or without addition of little sugar or fat. So how come there are so many kinds of different breads: crunchy baguette, chewy bagel, soft rolls†¦? Proper manipulation of these same ingredients can result with large variety of breads. If you add some more fat, sugar and eggs to this mixture, you will make enriched yeast dough. Making Yeast Doughs There are nine basicRead More7 Ocean Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesreels in 7 Oceans, but in this instance set it under the sea. Retro in its major aspects, the reels are vintage and the screen holding the game depicts starfish, miscellaneous tropical fish, clown fish, and beautiful coral finding itself in deep blue waters. With a simulated 3D set of 3 reels utilising glared lighting, the effect is not very remarkable, so video slots of today need not worry about competition when it comes to the UI from 7 Oceans. Symbol wise, there is a lot that will look familiar hereRead MoreI Have More Than A Day1307 Words   |  6 Pagesyou feel hotter because you’re pregnant.† Joan understood the discomfort of strolling along in the heat during an advanced state of pregnancy all too well. Carina was due to deliver within a week or so, and Joan wagered her friend would be happy to get it all over with, just as Joan had been. They arrived at the market and headed straight for the herb and oil tent, which offered shade from the relentless sun. Carina paused and sniffed a bottle. â€Å"Oh, field balm. Nice and minty. I might†¦ Ooo!† She

Pocahontas Essay Example For Students

Pocahontas Essay Biography of PocahontasFor more than two centuries since the death of the Indian princess Pocahontas, legends and stories of romance have been imbedded into our minds, but her dramatic life was more important to the creation of a segment of American history than legend. Around the year of 1595, Pocahontas was born to chief Powhatan, the powerful chief of a federation of Algonquian Indian tribes who lived in the tidewater region of Virginia. She was but one of the many children of Powhatan, who ruled more than 25 tribes. Her real name was Matoaka, a name used only within the tribe. Her tribe, the Powhatans, believed that harm would come to them if outsiders learned of their tribal name. Therefore, she went by Pocahontas, a nickname given to her meaning little wanton for she was a playful, frolicsome little girl. The settlers believed it to mean bright stream between two hills.The Powhatans, were not savages as John Smith would later claim in his General Historie of Virginiac. Instead, they were a ceremonious people who greeted important visitors in a formal manner with a large feast and festive dancing. Although they did occasionally put prisoners to death in a public ceremony, it was no more savage than the English customs of public disembowelment of thieves and the burning of women accused of being witches. In May of 1607, English colonists arrived on the Virginia shoreline with hopes of great riches. They established a settlement that they named Jamestown. Little Pocahontas watched as these strangers built forts and searched for food. She eventually became quite familiar with them and brought the near starving settlement food from time to time. In December of 1607, Captain John Smith led an expedition and was taken captive by the Indians. He was taken to Werowocomoco, 12 miles from Jamestown and the official residence of chief Powhatan. He was treated kindly and a great feast was prepared in his honor, which he would later record in his report, A True Relation, published in 1608. Smith was injured in a gunpowder accident in 1609 and returned to England. Later in 1612, Smith would publish his Map of Virginia along with a detailed account of his friendly encounter with the Indians titled The Proceedings of the English Colonie in Virginia. As time slowly passed, relations between the natives and the settlers deteriorated. With the help of Japazaws, a lesser chief of the Patowomeck Indians, Captain Samuel Argall kidnapped Pocahontas and held her for ransom in 1612. He sent word to Powhatan that his daughter would be released only when he received the English prisoners held by the Indians, the weapons they had stolen, and some corn. Some time later, Powhatan sent part of the ransom and asked that his beloved daughter be treated well. Argall returned to Jamestown with Pocahontas still as his captive in April of 1613. Pocahontas remained Argalls prisoner for one year afterward. During this time, she became aquatinted with John Rolfe, a pious widower noted as the first colonist to grow tobacco as a crop. Pocahontas converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. She then married Rolfe in April of 1614 and from that time forward was known as Rebecca Rolfe. It is uncertain as to why Pocahontas was wed to John Rolfe. The Powhatan Nation of today profess that she agreed to marry Rolfe, who took a special interest in the young hostage, as a condition of her release. Other sources claim that the two fell madly in love and then married. Some disagree because Pocahontas was rumored to be married to an Indian named Kocoum and therefore, could not marry again. Also, she would only have been 17 at the time and would not have had any interest in the 28 year-old Rolfe. .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .postImageUrl , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:hover , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:visited , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:active { border:0!important; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:active , .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074 .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cfc0b3d94e9532e278ad0b39b1fa074:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Young Goodman Brown Analysis EssayThe union of Rolfe and Pocahontas did have some benefits, however. It brought peace between the natives and settlers that would last for eight years. A general peace and spirit of goodwill between the two groups resulted from this marriage. Shortly after Rolfe and Pocahontas married, they had a son whom they named Thomas. He was the only child born to them and would later become an important member of the Jamestown society. Sir Thomas Dale, the leader of a new settlement in Virginia, made an important voyage to England to seek financial support for the Virginia Company. To insure publicity, he took Pocahontas with him along with her husband and son. Her arrival was well acknowledged and she was well received by the king and queen. The bishop of London entertained her and the royal family adored her because she was the first native American to be taken back to England. It was recorded that while in London, Pocahontas encountered John Smith, whom she presumed dead. It was said to have been a very emotional encounter, but it is unknown which emotion was exhibited. The Powhatans claim that she called him a liar and turned her back to him in fury. According to Smiths distorted rendition of this meeting, she was initially too overcome with emotion to speak but later they spoke fondly of old times. Seven months later, Rolfe decided to take his family back to Virginia. They set sail in March of 1617. Soon after they embarked, it became apparent that Pocahontas would not survive the journey home and they stopped in Gravesend, England. It was there that she died at just 21 years of age, far from her homeland. Her body was laid to rest at St. Georges Church. It is unclear why she died at such a young age. The cause of her death is rumored to be pneumonia, although it is also possible that she contracted smallpox or tuberculosis. Any one of the white mans diseases could be at fault in her fate, but unfortunately, it will remain a mystery. John Rolfe returned to Virginia where he developed a popular sweet variety of high-grade tobacco. The export of his crop enabled the colonists to support themselves. Thomas Rolfe remained in England where he was educated. Twenty years later, he returned to the colonies and married an English woman. Many prominent Virginians claim to be his descendants. One year after the passing of Pocahontas, her father Powhatan also died. In 1624, the legend of Pocahontas was written by John Smith and included in The General Historie of Virginia;c. In this account, Smith referred back to his abduction in December of 1607. He wrote of how at first, the Indians welcomed him, but then grabbed and forced him to stretch out on two large stones. Powhatans warriors hovered over him, with clubs in hand, prepared to beat him to death. Suddenly, Pocahontas rushed in and took Smiths head in her arms and laid her owne upon his to save him from death. One would wonder why Smith would wait until 1624, 17 years after the alleged incident, to tell his story. Why would he not include it in his first account of the event, A True Relation, in 1608? The only explanation is that Smith needed a story that would develop a hatred toward the Indians. This fabrication was just part of a longer one used as justification to wage war on the Powhatan Nation. The more Smiths description is examined, the less believable it becomes. This was only one of three reports invented by the pretentious Smith that allege he was saved from death by a prominent woman. Furthermore, Smiths tale tells how two large stones were brought into Powhatans lodge and how he was forced to lay his head upon them. .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .postImageUrl , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:hover , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:visited , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:active { border:0!important; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:active , .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0 .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4160aa0c8c9e7ec11fefe150b3aa1c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug Addiction EssayAt this point, Smiths account grows even more dubious. Powhatans village of Werowocomoco laid on the Princes, now called the York River, a part of Tidewater that is composed entirely of clay. Any orders from Powhatan to fetch two large stones would have been impossible to fill. If rocks were required, someone would have to venture to the falls at Richmond before any rocks big enough to meet specifications could be found. If all that was necessary was something flat enough to lay Smiths head upon, a log would work just as well as the unattainable rocks. The English had known this for centuries, having sent many rivals to the block. Another aspect of inconsistencies in Smiths story is the method in which he was nearly executed. The Powhatans, like the English, had perfected their methods of assassination. Traditionally, the tribe stripped their enemies of their clothing, bound them to two stakes, and burned them, back facing the fire. Surely the Powhatans would not modify their customs for John Smith. Unfortunately, Smiths romantic story of Pocahontas has been accepted as the truth and elevated Pocahontas to the status of the good Indian who saved the life of a white man. She was much more than that. She was a representative for native Americans and a vital link between them and the Englishmen. She provided food for Jamestown that, perhaps, without her, might never have survived. Her marriage to John Rolfe brought peace between her fellow tribesmen and her fellow Christians. She led a magnificent life and will always have her place in history.

Just Before The Beginning Of World War II, Albert Einstein Wrote A Let

Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. "The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin"(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project "the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb."(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and science's biggest development this century. The mos t complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was "the production of ample amounts of 'enriched' uranium to sustain a chain reaction."(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, "the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139."(Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. "No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238."(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A "massive enrichment laboratory/plant"(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that "worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion."(2) After this proc ess was completed, "Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes."(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. "In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%."(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to "the Los Alamos, N. Mex., laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer."(Grolier 5) "Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion."(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. "Two pieces of U-235, individu ally not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded instantaneously."(Grolier 5) "It was originally nicknamed 'Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed 'Little Boy' (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel."(Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work "no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945."(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 "Little Boy" bomb had been developed to the "point of seeming assured of success,"(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. "But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239."(Grolier 5) This proved to be useful bec ause the newly created plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can "be separated from uranium by chemical techniques,"(6) which would be far simpler than the physical processes to separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. Once again the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's direction built the first reactor. "This led to the construction of five large reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was irradiated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium."(6) The plutonium was sent to Just Before The Beginning Of World War II, Albert Einstein Wrote A Let Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. "The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin"(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project "the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb."(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and science's biggest development this century. The mos t complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was "the production of ample amounts of 'enriched' uranium to sustain a chain reaction."(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, "the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139."(Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. "No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238."(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A "massive enrichment laboratory/plant"(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that "worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion."(2) After this proc ess was completed, "Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes."(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. "In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%."(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to "the Los Alamos, N. Mex., laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer."(Grolier 5) "Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion."(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. "Two pieces of U-235, individu ally not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded instantaneously."(Grolier 5) "It was originally nicknamed 'Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed 'Little Boy' (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel."(Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work "no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945."(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 "Little Boy" bomb had been developed to the "point of seeming assured of success,"(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. "But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239."(Grolier 5) This proved to be useful bec ause the newly created plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can "be separated from uranium by chemical techniques,"(6) which would be far simpler than the physical processes to separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. Once again the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's direction built the first reactor. "This led to the construction of five large reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was irradiated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium."(6) The plutonium was sent to